Samsung and Theme Park Essay Example for Free

Samsung and Theme commons EssayThe Industry Theme Park is a vainglorious entertainment part and has variety complexes with theme in each of its complex. Theme Park is a global Industry operating in North America, Europe and Asia with attendance from local anesthetic area and from all over the world. Theme park become necessity for the people to get to entertainment and leisure later busy ca-caing day, especially for family. The reason that people come to theme park is the ride that delight them to visit again. Needs Analysis. The needs of this entertainment industry is increasing year after year as the attendance of entertainment park on Farmland is increasing at 5. 113 thousand in 1993, that show us that there is harvest-home in the Market. (table 4). From table 8. The need of the theme park for the south Korean consumer place a rate of 22%, it shows the need Korean people work for 5 and a half days every week, that indicate that they are very busy, and seems that they h ave no time for going to the theme park, but in the other hand if we provide a good theme park we can deliver the need of leisure for them after the busy work.In the worldwide, this pedigree is already mature, so we have to arrive with a concept that distinct our theme park with the other theme park, therefore we can attract global marketplace to our theme park. The influencer of the needs * Family Spouse, Children, Parents, media promotion * Single Friends, Colleague , social membership, media promotion 5 FORCES ANALYSIS Competitive Rivalry within Theme Park Industry HIGH Local Rivalry There are 6 amusement park industry in Korea and Lotte world and Seoul toss off are the closest competitor.Lotte world is stated themselves as the biggest Indoor Theme Park in the world and they are located at downtown, which is adept of the key success in the business with the accessibility. Seoul Land is the closest competitor with farmland with the similarity of the place, that offer clear air and easy access. external Rivalry The worldwide theme park such as Walt Disney in North America, Europe, and Asia, with global connection around the world. ENTRANCE HIGH High investiture in Land, Building and construction services, Hardware provider for the ride, and Software provider.The risk of safety is high, required 100% insurance coverage The know how of the industry is non easy, The benchmark is Walt Disney, in order to provide world class themepark haave to join venture with Disney, But Disney not interested in Korea. SUBSTITUE HIGH Free amusement places are available, such as beach, garden,mall etc Watching Movie in theatre, or just stay at home because of heavy traffic. SUPPLIER POWER down(p) Technology is one of the main issue in this business, especially machinery and software.There are around 10 players who can supply the machinery, so we can get a good price for machinery. The high turnover because woman stop working after marriage become an advantage becaus e the new employee give fresh new idea for the theme park. BUYERS POWERS HIGH Theme Park is depend on the qapacity of the attendance. They can easily change to other park. Pricing competitive with another park SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH * Farmland is the first amusement park in Korea * Already have a brand Image.* Have large mother Company Samsung that operate in 65 countries * Samsung Industries can have synergy with theme park since they have four core business in electronics, machinery, chemical and Finance insurance WEAKNESS * Korean Climate with Winter from December to Mid march, and heavy shower in June and July, that gives potential time for the market in June to early September, which is only 4 months in a year. * Management has to learn the business because Walt Disney not interested in joint venture with Samsung Korea. * peculiar(a) existing parking space to cover future extension.* The traditional habit not to smile to stranger may affect the need of service orientated pe ople. OPPORTUNITY * Economic Growth in Korea is high, per-capita GNP risen from US$4210 in 1989 to US$7513 in 1993 (56%) (exhibit2) * Over 10 millions Korean Living in Seoul * Attendance are growing every year * With a good an distinctive concept can capture worldwide market. * Government plans to build subway up to yongin will provide convenience and reduce the heavy traffic problem THREAT * Strict Government Regulation of the use of the Land.* The defy from the farmer that farmland expansion can cause potential flooding that will damage their crops * The National Holiday is only 4-5 days in a year * The working habit is five and a half day in a week RECCOMENDATION Segmentation for theme Park for all of the Family member, Targeting on all ages. Positioning of the Theme Park deliver the high end of Theme Park technology with the environmental friendly surrounding. Changing the Name is a must, EVERLAND seems suitable to the new mission. Make a synergy between other Samsung business to create worldwide connection to the theme park.

Classical Conditioning Essay Example for Free

Classical Conditioning EssayClassical conditioning is an association between two stimuli It is what proceeds the solvent. The two stimuli in my experiment was the ringing of the bell and the on and off of the light switch performed in a dark room. During my experiment I rang the bell and then like a shot turned off the lights. I remained in the dark for cardinal seconds then turned the light back on. I left the light on for fifteen seconds, and would monitor my pupils in the mirror then ring the bell and would simultaneously turned off the light again. After doing this several times, I rang the bell unitary last time but did not turn off the lights. Then I immediately looked into the mirror to monitor my pupils. I noticed that the pupils dilated. The unconditional response (UR) is that my pupils would dilate when the room became dark which I had no control. The conditioned response (CR) is that the bell stimulated the pupils to dilate. Prier to this time, the ringing of the b ell had no effect on the dilation of my pupils.Therefore, the classical conditioning programmed my pupils to dilate upon the ringing of the bell and controlling the light stimuli. I repeated the same experiment but this time I did not ring the bell at all to see if the time would have a response. Every fifteen seconds I would turn the lights either on or off. The results were negative. In conclusion, indeed it took two stimuli, the ringing of the bell and the lights to provoke a response.

Change Affecting the Current Organization

Change Affecting the Current OrganizationChange prompting the current giving medication.1.0 Change that exists in todays miserlinessChange is usual in e truly countrys economy and this has enabled change over in the organizations method of working.In general, economy is affected by the following factors, i.e. PEST AnalysisPolitical scotchSocialTechnologicalA PEST analysis is an investigation of the important factors that ar changing which influence a avocation from the turn outside.1.1 PoliticalThe strategic decisions of the business are strongly affected because of the nurture of political and legal environments. Government legislation has significant launch in todays economy. Political environment has a very tremendous effect on business operation no matter what is its size, its area of operation whether the company is domestic, national, international, boastfully or small. Every company has to imitate the rules and regulations of the country the company is operating. E very country has its own political system. A government controls and restricts a companys activities by encouraging and offering support or by discouraging and banning or restricting its activities depending on the government. The political condition changes from time to time, and so the company has to be able to adjust with the changing environment. In general, political change means a change in government or a government policy.1.2 EconomicIt comp grind aways all the factors and sub factors related to the economy of the country, and these factors have an impact on the business activities. whatsoever types of business are favorably affected by the government policy some are adversely, temporary hookup it is neutral in case of some. Currency exchange rates, Employment rates, Wage rates, Government economic policies, Other countries economic policies, Lending policies of financial institution, Changes from public to insular ownership etc also are strong background that affect chan ge in organizations. It is related with the change in economy such as rise in living standard, level of demand, rise or fall in interest rates, etc.1.3 SocialHuman beings are social by nature, so they want to live in a society. Socio-cultural environment includes many aspects of society and its various constituents, such as beliefs, expectations, attitudes, demographic components, and customs. Demographic trends of customers and employees have significant effect on change. Due to globalization, migration throughout the whole world is taking place, especially from Asia. Social change is related with the change in lifestyles, for example women going out to work, changes in buying habit, men taking care of their home and children. How we behave, our gender and ethnic group, education level, the conditions and communities in which we live, are all the elements of social environment. The socio-cultural factors, such as buying and consumption pattern of people, their language, benefits an d values, customs and traditions, taste and preference, education and awareness are all factors that affect the business directly.1.4 TechnologicalTechnological factors include the inventions and techniques which affect the way of doing things. A technological change is one which involves the practical application of scientific or other new ideas in a business or industrial context. Technological change is related with the development of new ideas and interventions. Technology is the most important influence upon society, it is autonomous, and causes social change. Latest technologies like computer, internet, telephone, ATM, is used to superintend and provide access to information easily and quickly. The technological environment is changing very rapidly and to compete in this competitive world the any organization has to adopt the latest technology to survive in the market.2.0 Evaluating the strengths and weakness of bureaucratic organizations.In general, organization is viewed as group of people working together to come upon goals. Edgar Schein (1965) defines an organization as the rational coordination of the activities of a group of people with the aim of achieving an explicit goal or purpose. An organization normally achieves its purpose through the component part of labour and function and through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility.Organization could be simple or complex depending upon their purposes, size, technology or nature of activities. In 18th century, three streams of concepts, i.e. bureaucracy, administrative theory, and scientific management were developed. These concepts are popularly known as the classical concepts or classical theories of organization.Bureaucratic organization are such types of organizations which are based on efficiency, hierarchy, written rules of conduct, promotion based on achievement, and a specialise division of labour.A system of law where leadership obtain their offices through legal procedures and the power to rule is vested in their positions rather than in themselves as individuals (Weber, 1947).Max Weber describes an elevated approach to outline the characteristics of a fully developed bureaucratic form of organization. In general, bureaucracy has come to have a negative implication and many tended to ignore it, however, the features that characterize bureaucracy have become inevitable with the growing size and complexity in organizations, so there is need to understand and improve bureaucracy instead of ignoring it.2.1 StrengthsSome of the principle, prescriptive, normative functions that bureaucracies hold have significant impact to organizations. Whether and to what extent these positive features really obtain in an organization depends on actual practice. Some of the advantages of an ideal bureaucracy are as followsThe rules, regulations, training, specialization, and structure impart predictability and thereby ensure certainty and stability to an organization. Work is p erformed in accordance with organizational rules, this therefore leads to a standardised high quality product or service rules are also used to ensure fairness and counter arbitrariness.Tasks are divided into specialised jobs, so that everyone becomes an expert in their area of work, and this results greater efficiency in the organization as employees know exactly what to do and how to do.Routine work is designate with fixed responsibilities at various levels.Clear distinction between employers and employees with vertical communication channels and clear chain of command.Personnel structure with consistent patterns and recruitment. race are selected and promoted on the basis of merit and qualification, and this helps to increase efficiency as only the most able are selected and promoted.2.2 WeaknessBureaucracies, particularly in large complex organizations, may have unintended consequences which are often referred to as disadvantages aspects of bureaucracy. The disadvantages of bu reaucracy are as followsRules and regulations of bureaucracy are often rigid and contumacious encouraging status quo.It emphasizes on mechanical way of doing things, giving primacy to organizational rules and regulations rather than individuals needs and emotions.Organizational structure does not promote cooperation and participation.Organizational winner (sustainability) and function of smart direction from top. The credit always goes to the top, main players are shadowed.Much paper and routine type work.3.0 Comparing alternative forms of organizational developmentTodays organizations operate in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. As a result, one of the most important assets for an organization is the ability to manage change and for people to remain healthy and authentic.Organization Development is a system-wide application of behavioural science knowledge to the plan development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for better a n organizations effectiveness, Cummings and Worley, Organization Development and Change, Sixth Edition, South-Western Publishing, 1997, p.2. (Free management library)OD involves working with the organization as a system to bring about the planned and controlled change of an organization in preferred direction, it also attempts to change the organization as a totality by changing the organizations structure, technology, people or task. It focuses on the interaction between the organization and its environment.

Culture and the Turkish economy

Culture and the Turkish preservationIntroductionPeculiarities of running military control field and trans content communicatings ar straightway related to the culture of the country. Globalization of the economy has undoubtedly become a commonly accepted phenomenon. Even picayune and medium railway linees, wanting or not, example problems of international business tattleships be it the buy of equipment, materials or other trade and procurement activities, search for partners or investors, not to mention the direct disceptation with transnational companies in their own domestic grocery. Larger players of market, in connection with its inevitable saturation, are withdrawd to think about entering the international arena.All these factors pay back the study of culture of business relationships and international communication increasingly relevant for tweakrs. Awareness about the peculiarities of a particular culture, the ability to consider and use these peculiarities in practice help just about companies quickly and at less cost to establish relations with partners, and others to deal more kernelively with rivals. The knowledge of the features of international communication is in addition useful for managers working in hostile companies, since they help to better adapt to a foreign environment, understand the requirements of backsheesh-management, permissible frames of conduct and, accordingly, to move fast through the ranks.Major dimensions of culture in dudand their influence on Turkish economy and business practicesWhen building business relationships, finding partners for business, developing head-to-head business in the territory of another country, it is always indispensable to take into account the totality of the rules of business etiquette and supernumerary(prenominal)ities of traditions of each heathenish environment. washout has long been a secular state with European style of doing business, but it should be remembered tha t the influence of Islam, though not pronounced in recent times is reflected in whatsoever aspects of the Turkish business etiquette and bears a deep cultural meaning. bomb combines European and Middle East traditions in the business culture, t herefore common business etiquette here has some nuances which are useful to know for building successful and lasting business relationships. Lets consider these nuances.First, Turkey has a sufficiently healthful developed family-owned business with a clear hierarchy. Family traditions in Turkey are very secondant, both in life and in business (Burnaz, 2009).Second, diametric spheres of life in Turkey are influenced by religion. If the partners are religious people, one should keep in brainiac that Friday is a holy day for Muslims when they visit temple to pray, so no important business meetings and negotiations should be appointed on this day. Ramazan is a month-long sacred abstinence of all Muslims, during which one cannot eat, drink, smoke cigarettes from sunrise to sunset. This should be kept this in mind when planning a business lunch or dinner in a restaurant. During Ramazan it is better to appoint business meetings with Turkish Muslims after sunset, however, if it is attainable to avoid them, it is better to postpone all negotiations until after Ramazan. Many Turkey residents leave on vacation in July or August, so the middle of spend is not the best time for negotiations and business meetings, while from October to May is the most active and fruitful period for Turkish business culture (Burnaz, 2009 OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010).It should be remembered that as in any other country, courtesy and treasure for etiquette in business in Turkey is especially important. Good personal relationships based on trust and mutual respect play a significant role in building business relationships with Turkish partners, therefore, before proceeding to business negotiations, it is necessary to show them renderness and readiness for friendship and to emphasize the mutuality of benefits (Burnaz, 2009 Ararat, 2008, Gupta, 2009).Motivation in negotiating with the Turks should be clear and precise. It is very important in the dish of business negotiations to clearly outline the advantages and profitability of a proposal for the Turkish side, although it is not the only thing a benefit may be expressed in for Turkish partners. Instead of profits it is recommended to tension often on such(prenominal) points of the transaction as increased authority and power. Respect, recognition and other intangible benefits may also train a positive impact on the outcome of business negotiations in Turkey (Gupta, 2009).Thus, understanding that Turkish culture is very different from European or American business culture is a big step in doing business in Turkey and with the Turks. It takes patience and time to settle all the ins and outs, but the Turks also show patience towards foreigners and leave behindin g to make allowances for any mistake or error in etiquette made by a foreigner.In general, Turkey is an attractive country to do business with the positive dynamics in the economy. Turkey managed to avoid bear-sized losses that might have occurred as a result of the global stinting crisis of 2008-2009 (Turkey passes the crisis test, 2009). Having analyzed the economic development of Turkey for the period from 2002 to the present day, it can be argued that the state of the economy has become particularly favorable, due to the below factors (OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010 Turkey passes the crisis test, 2009 Turkey Business environment at a glance, 2011 Aydin, 2006)The currency re convention in Turkey, 2002 reforms in cordial security system and health care tax reform beneficial for entrepreneursTOK Innovations (Housing Administration Projects) gave impetus to the development of national construction companiesState support for small and medium-sized enterprises, which constitute 97% of the Turkish economyIncreased economic growth in Turkey, which is mostly due to the auto officious labor, real estate and textile industrySuccessful investings in tourismActive development of the logistics sector in EuropeNew international communications and new markets the most promising emerging markets for Turkey are China, South Korea, India, BRIIC group, as well as markets of Pakistan and BangladeshRegional and social development 40% of the EU bud progress to is allocated to regional development and social pedestalFunding at the expense of TOBB (the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchange of Turkey)Development of naughtyer education there are already 95 public and 45 private universities in Turkey.Apart from that, the political sympathies of the Republic of Turkey considers foreign direct investment as the driving force of economic development and prosperity of the country. Turkey has one of the most liberal legal regimes for FDI among the member countries of th e Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Except for some sectors, businesses that are open to the private sector in Turkey are mostly open to foreign partners and investors (OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010). Nevertheless, all investors, regardless of nationality, face a number of specific obstacles trace of developing Eastern countries excessive bureaucracy, slow acting justice system, high taxes, corporate governance weaknesses, sometimes unpredictability of the decisions taken at topical anaesthetic governing body level, as well as frequent changes in legislation and regulatory framework (Gupta, 2009).However, foreign investment regulation, for the most part, is transparent. Turkey supports national regime, including the purchase of real estate by foreign smashing companies registered in accordance with Turkish law, and in most sectors no investment audit is contributed (only notification is required). The Turkish Government supports the principle o f transparency with the associated nation as a precondition for the acquisition of real estate by foreigners, and imposes a limit of 2.5 hectare of property acquired by foreign individuals. Individuals cannot own more than 10% of the land in any of the areas of industrial development (Kalafatoglu, 2010 Keyman, 2005).The maximum share of foreign equity participation is modified to 25% in broadcasting and 49% in aviation and maritime transport. Establishment of companies offering financial services including vernacularing and insurance, as well as oil-related companies, requires special permission from the Government of Turkey for both domestic and foreign investors. In practice, regulators do not restrict foreign ownership in the financial sector in 2005 and 2006 a series of acquisitions by foreign persons were approved, and several foreign financial companies has been operating in Turkey for a long time (Ulusoy, 2009).The privatization process in Turkey is currently going on. The Government of the Republic of Turkey privatizes the state economic enterprises through selling lots of securities, public offerings, or a combination of both. The total amount of transactions in the Turkish privatization program amounted to 8.1 billion dollars in 2006, 4.3 billion dollars in 2007, and 6.3 billion dollars in 2008. The state continues privatization process, disdain the fact that the reduction of global financial flows, which began in 2008, may entail certain obstacles (Ulusoy, 2009 OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010).Bureaucratic delays used to be significant obstacles to both national and foreign companies. However, recent reforms have simplified the process of establishment of companies, reduced the requirements to obtain permits, set a single form of registration of companies and enabled individuals to register their businesses in the Union of Chambers and Commodities Exchange of Turkey.Cross-cultural analysis business cultures of USA and TurkeyGenerally, two pola r opposite styles of management are distinguished, and consequently, business relation cultures American or Western and Oriental styles. They are fundamentally different in structure of collection and exchange of information, separation and segregation of duties, degree of standardization, coordination and subordination.The American system is characterized by management based on science, individualism and personal responsibility, a clear division of labor, specialization, planning based on the analysis of large amounts of quantitative information. Oriental management system is based on collective responsibility, rotation system, long-term career planning, equation of employees to the company and its customs (Burnaz, 2009 Gupta, 2009).At the said(prenominal) time, in line with the Western style, there has recently distinguished a pan-European, also partly inherent to Turkey as an EU member, with a coincidental focus on economic and social indicators, such as a guaranteed opportunit y for staff development, involvement of employees in decision-making process, the emphasis on favorable humour in the company (Burnaz, 2009 Gupta, 2009).However, despite the tendency to unify business methods and communication standards, we believe that the explicit differences in business culture will remain in the future.Despite the huge variety of business cultures, there are methods to predict certain aspects of behavior of representative of a certain culture. Ones of the most applicable methods are the classification of countries according to G. Hofstedes four variative characteristics reflecting basic differences of cultural values, and contextual ranking of cultures, proposed by E. Hall (Cateora, 2000).According to these theories, the USA is a notable example of a country with a high indicant of individualism (IDV=91), when a separate individual poorly integrates itself into the group, and strong individualistic mentality is observed with a focus on the importance of person al life and initiative. The Turkish society is rather a society where the mentality of community relations dominates, so it is based on morality, sense of duty, predominance of the interests of the collective over the individual ones, and loyalty (IDV=37) (Table 1).Another important cultural dimension is the parameter of power ( class-conscious) distance. Power distance index measures the tolerance of the society towards social inequality, i.e., unequal distribution of power between superior and subordinate members of the social system. The degree of distancing shows the relation of employees to the power of managers. Turkey has a culture with a high index of power distance (PDI=66), and power in Turkey may even be inherited. Here there is a significant difference between the members of the society who are at different social levels and difference in the privileges, which are perceived by the members of the society for granted. In countries with a low power distance index, like USA (PDI=40), the reverse pattern is observed (Table 1).The next quality largely determined by culture is the control of the level of uncertainty, which shows the extent to which members of a cultural community are programmed to freedom of action in unstructured non-standard situations. In this aspect, the USA and Turkey also hold totally different positions. As a country with high uncertainty avoidance index, Turkey (UAI=85) is less resistant to stress, more concerned with security issues and following the rules, which leads to poor perception of change and slow adaptation to new ideas. USA is characterized by culture with low UAI (UAI=46) associated with greater mobility, willingness to take risks, innovation, tendency to avow on knowledge, rather than absolute knowledge (Table 1).Moreover, the USA is rather a country described by Hofstede as the country with masculinity behavior (MAS=62), i.e. dominance, cost increase to competition, high demands, desire for career achievements an d entrepreneurship, greed and passion for capital accumulation, lack of caring about others. In contrast, though attached now to the European community, Turkey still belongs to femininity pattern (MAS=45) and the prevailing values are humility and altruism, gender equality, emphasis on serving people, mutual aid (Table 1).Table 1. index USA and Turkey depending on cultural values by Hofstede.CountryIDVRanking by IDV*PDIRanking by PDIUAIRanking by UAIMASRanking by MASUSA911403846436215Turkey37286618/198516/174532/33* Classification among 53 countries of the world, by 2000. (Cateora, 2000)In addition to the parameters identified by Hofstede, the predominant and characteristic of the culture type of communication is of great importance in the typology of business cultures. On this parameter, all nations can be ranked by the degree of cultural contextuality. Recent studies have revealed a high correlation between high/low-contextuality and the Hofstedes indices of individualism/collecti vism, and hierarchical level of distancing (Cateora, 2000).Thus, low-context American culture shares relatively low hierarchical differences and high level of individualism. On the contrary, high-context Muslim culture is typically characterized by a significant difference between the hierarchical levels and low levels of individualism. Therefore, the majority of moderne managers, employees of international companies, are more effective in countries with the low-context language, since they are relying on the reports, contracts and other acts documented in writing. But even in low-context cultures, communication is largely dependent on cultural differences (Cateora, 2000 Gupta, 2009).High-context cultures require a considerable period of time before starting the business part of the relationship, because future partners must get to know each other for unificationt business. For example, if one cannot find time and desire to drink coffee and talk about abstract topics, one cannot set ahead to the business part of the conversation (Cateora, 2000 Gupta, 2009).Another indicator is the source of power and level of authority, which is a direct consequence of the level of the hierarchical distance, as it combines the effect of the power structure in business with the status and position of manager in the community, depending on the size of the company, publicity, type of property, and cultural values. In Turkey, the decisions are mainly made exclusively by the head of the company, who prefers to deal only with senior executives of other companies. Business here is not between companies or divisions, but between individuals. The latter also means that in case of leadership changes from one side or another, the achieved agreements may lose their power, if trust relationships arent re- realised between new top executives of companies. Besides, the decentralized system, common for the U.S., enables managers at various levels to make decisions relevant to their functi ons, which is not common for Turkey (Ararat, 2008 Gupta, 2009).Thus, the obvious conclusion is that it is necessary for the authoritarian cultures as well as companies with a decentralized power structure to correctly determine the decision-makers, while working with companies in which decisions are taken by consensus, it is important to change over each member of the committee or group.Peculiarities of conducting business in TurkeyBusiness in Turkey is quite difficult to arrange. But the results of registration of the business in Turkey and certain investments can be easily recouped. Peculiarities of doing business in Turkey determine such things as sale and purchase, opening bank accounts, tax system, offshore, ready business, small business and profitability of big business.In general, 2011 will be very important for Turkey. In June, the general election will be held. The current politics has been successful in many areas of the economy although some serious problems still rema in. Therefore, opposition political parties should form new political-economic strategies with respect to the above areas. Turkey has to achieve significant economic growth, reduce unemployment, ensure social justice, and resolve tax issues. If it is done succeeds, it will be able to join the BRIIC (Kalafatoglu, 2010 OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010).The Government of Turkey since 2001 has been implementing a comprehensive program designed to accelerate all the procedures related to investments and attract more direct foreign capital into the country. The national body, the Coordinating Council for the Improvement of the investment funds Environment (YOIKK) provides methodological support in this issue. In addition, in 2004 the Investment Advisory Council for Turkey (IAC) was established, whose recommendations serve as a guide for YOIKK, and activities undertaken within the Councils recommendations are published in annual reports of the Treasury of Turkey on the activities of IAC (Keyman, 2005).The government continues to implement legislative reforms, some of which are aimed at attracting foreign investment to Turkey. The draft of National Legislative Network, a project of automation and integration completed the process of developing the technical al-Qaeda in 2008, designed to accelerate the carrying out of business cases by facilitating the transfer of documents and transcripts of court proceedings and give the opportunity to file an application online. In addition, the government simplified the access of foreign investors to justice, including legal advice and Alternative Dispute Resolution, supported by the U.S., EU and World Bank (Turkey Business environment at a glance, 2011 Kalafatoglu, 2010).Turkey made the tax system more convenient for investors as well. In 2006 the basic rate of income tax was reduced from 30 to 20%. The government also cancelled the income tax for foreign investors who own bonds, notes and shares, preserving it for bank deposi ts and repurchase transactions. In 2007 tax administration established a division designed to manage taxes collection from large corporations (Keyman, 2005). However, the Government of Turkey has not yet managed to implement further tax reforms, including reducing the tax on wages, which is one of the highest among OECD members. The Turkish Government also increased the VAT on leasing transactions from 1 to 18% in 2007. Special consumption tax on alcoholic beverages in 2008 reached 275.6% with the negligible requirements for special tax based on market prices of products (Ulusoy, 2008).Turkish laws affecting the investment climate continues to develop. It guarantees freedom of transfer of profits, fees and royalties and repatriation of capital. This guarantee is reflected in the bilateral investment treaties between Turkey and the United States in 1986, and in some similar agreements, which regulate the unlimited and proper handling of all funds related to investment in a freely co nvertible currency in the self-regulating market (Treaties and Agreements, Turkey-United States, 1986). Turkey is a member of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Turkey also ratified the Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) in 1987. Turkish law provides the confirmation of international arbitration execution of investment disputes between foreign investors and the state. Turkeys is also a member of the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) (Keyman, 2005 Ulusoy, 2008).Turkey investment stimuli system was significantly improved in 2006 to support manufacturing industry, energy sector, and export. General regime of investment incentives suggests tax benefits and, in some cases, the possibility of lending. Turkish Treasury also regulates some issues regarding interest rates on investment loans for small and medium enterprises, RD projects, environmental protection, as well as projects in 50 provinces, where the annual income per capita is below 1500 U.S. dollars. For such provinces, the law provides income tax incentives, social insurance benefits, free land and reduced electricity cost up to 20-50% (Ulusoy, 2009 OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010).In RD sphere, Scientific and Technological interrogation Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and Technology Development Foundation of Turkey (TTGV) deal with reimbursements for RD and capital borrowing. Projects that get such benefits include development concepts, technology research, technical feasibility evaluation, concept-to-design lab researches, samples study, test products production, experimental facilities construction, product testing, patent research and design problems solutions. In addition to these incentives, the Government of Turkey provides support for technological development zones, which involves the creation of infrastructure and production facilities, exemption from taxes, VAT, income taxes and revenues, and from customs duties for special IT-sector. Moreover, export stimulating program is focused on RD, market research, and participation in international exhibitions and fairs.In Turkey, no technical requirements for the beginning, implementation and expansion of investment projects are provided. There are also no restrictions to the acquisition by investors of goods from national sources and exporting specific constituent of products. Investors access to foreign currency does not affect exports. There are also no restrictions for domestic companies to own shares of foreign investors for the fact that the proportion of foreign shares will be gradually reduced or investor will transfer its technology on certain terms. There are also no conditions established by the state in terms of the permission to invest, including the location in specialized geographic areas, specific percentage of national resources for the production of goods and services, national shares packages, import substitu tion, export requirements, employment of the population the investor technically located in, technology transfer and financing from national sources (Ulusoy, 2008 Ulusoy, 2009 OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010).The Government of the Republic of Turkey does not force investors to disclose proprietary information or any other kind of information different from the publicly available one during the process of obtaining permission from the supervisory authority. Companies with foreign capital are to send a report on their activities, submitted to the General Assembly of shareholders, the auditors report, and balance sheet in the Foreign Investment part of the Treasury annually in May.Except for issues relating to openness to foreign investment and transparency of the system of regulation, Turkey provides all the rights, benefits, deductions and privileges available to national capital and companies, as well as foreign capital and companies on the basis of most favored nation regime (f or selected countries). For example, American and other foreign firms can move in publicly funded programs and programs of subsidizing research and development on the basis of national treatment.The Government of the Republic of Turkey has adopted policies and laws that, for the most part, should promote free competition and transparency in business. However, foreign companies in some sectors complain that the regulations are not transparent and understandable from time to time. One should keep in mind that Turkey is an observer, but not a member of World Trade Organisations Commission on Government Procurement.However, Turkey is an actively developing country, which tries to keep pacing on all the contemporary European and American innovations. One of the most perspective areas in Turkey is internet and mobile commerce. For instance, recent researches show that mobile merchandise has acquired great popularity with the development of technology SMS since 2000 in Europe and differ ent parts of Asia. Over the past few years SMS-messages have become a major advertising channel in Turkey, and many experts even tend to view Turkey as an innovator in mobile marketing (Demirbag, 2008).The splendid example of this success is the experience of the Turkish branch of Pepsi, which in the last 3 years has been one of the most active players using mobile marketing faunas. To date, according to the data of Pepsi Turkey, the level of participation in promotional campaigns conducted by the department is the highest in the category. The company uses mobile technologies, because it considers them more effective than TV tool to provide an opportunity for interactive communication with Turkish consumers. One of the campaigns introduced by Pepsi offered consumers wallpapers and ringtones, including the famous song Da Da Da. Over the course of a promotional campaign, users downloaded more than 200,000 ringtones (Tsalikis, 2009). Turkish companies (like Finansbank, BP, FritoLay) proved that simplicity and possibility of immediate gratification are of great importance for the Turkish consumer, and the mobile channel can provide this effect (Demirbag, 2008).In general, the trust of Turkish consumers continues to rise since February 2010, reaching 85.8. This is the highest level over the past 14 months (OECD Economic Surveys Turkey, 2010). According to the report published by the Institute of Statistics of Turkey in 2010 jointly with the Central Bank of Turkey, the index of consumer confidence amounting to 85.8 points is the highest mark since February of 2009 when it amounted to 87.60% (Tsalikis, 2009). The index started to rise since November 2009, after reaching a eternalize low value of 78.38 points. If the index exceeds 100, it means that consumers are optimistic, and if it equals to 100, it means that consumers are neither optimistic, nor pessimistic, but if the index is below 100, it indicates pessimistic consumers (Aydin, 2006). The report determines the growth of the index of consumer confidence through the increase of the purchasing power of consumers in the current and future period, the general state of the economy and employment opportunities in the coming quarter. closeThe research has shown that Turkey is characterized by the specific business culture, experiencing the influence of European Union, USA, and its Asian partners. Belonging rather to eastern patterns of business culture, Turkey differs much form the United States in the major cultural indicators, such as indices of power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and type of business behavior (masculinity vs. femininity).However, in recent years, Turkey demonstrates high indicators of economy growth, openness to reforms, laws adjustments and democratic investment policy, which makes Turkey a favorable business partner. In addition, Turkish policy and legislation on labor, health and guard do not impede investment, although legal restrictions on firing w orkers may create obstacles to labor-intensive activities in the formal economy. The specific tax policy sometimes hinders investment decisions, e.g. high taxation of beverages, similar to Coca-Cola, hinders investment in the sector. However, serious tax incentives for free trade zones provide incentives to invest in these zones. Similarly, incentives for investment in certain low-income provinces are designed to increase investments in these areas.Nowadays, international credit rating agencies insist that the investment level of the Turkish economy is still not high, but markets do not express much concern. Credit default swaps insuring Turkish securities against default for 5 years, are estimated at 1.84%. And while the Eurozone is struggling with calculate deficits, Turkey states huge budget surplus due to the growth of tax revenues. Turkey is considered to be a country of investment grade in the market of credit default swaps after its dollar-denominated bonds started to exceed the bonds of developing countries in Europe largely due to accelerated economic growth.According to preliminary estimates of the Government, the economy of Turkey grew in first quarter by 12%, which allowed the Prime Minister of Turkey to claim that Turkeys credit rating wont be reduced in the coming 6-10 months. Generally, the country retains the trend towards improvement of economic performance, development and innovation, which opens new perspectives for foreign investment, collaboration and partnership.

Is It Advertisement Manipulation Media Essay

Is It Advertisement Manipulation Media Essay advertise plays a crucial role in the world that we live in. all day, the media expands and thousands of magazines, TV mercantiles, radio stations and newspapers be released. Advertisement is found in every single one of these Medias. It is important because it helps individuals agnise what products ar popular on the marketplace. As a college student, I myself am very influenced by advertisement. I come across ads on the internet, on the radio, on tv, and on magazines. But are these advertisements really helpful to the consumers or are we just being manipulated into buying a product? This question deserves to be examined because millions of pot are being impact by advertisement each and every day. They might not even realize that advertisers use psychological techniques in order to persuade the consumer to buy their product, and in conclusion change their expending and living tendency.Before I could focus on the advertisers psyc hological techniques, I first needed to find out about the moral philosophy of advertisement. I started my research by reading a news article, Precious Information or Vicious Manipulation, from Ezine Articles, to give me a simple beneathstanding of it. to each one different commerce has its own rules for the ethical requirements. There are, however, four marketing communication requirements that every industry has to follow which include legal, decent, honest and truthful (Yordanof). maven of the interviewed individual quoted the most successful companies do not need ethics in their activities because they give birth built empires. He also stated, sooner or afterwards whoever is not ethical will face the negative consequences.One of the most the most contentious matters in the marketing communications market is the quality of advertisements. leash area of interest in terms of ethical decision of advertisement keep up been distinguished as individual autonomy, consumer sovere ignty, and the nature of the product. The individual autonomy refers to the announce to young children, consumer sovereignty refers the level of information and superiority of the indented consumer, and as for the nature of the product, well, it speaks for itself.Needing more in-depth information on how advertisement affects young children, I turned to The chapiter Post newspaper and read a short article entitled Information or Manipulation. It is said that spending on advertising for children has increased five-fold in the last ten years and two thirds of commercials during child television programs are for food products (Bergadaa 2007). Young children represent 24 million dollars worth in the marketplace (McNeal 2007). Research from the American Psychological Association show that children do not have the ability to understand whether a commercial is reliable or not, then they are truly impacted by them. They are not able to comprehend the true message behind an advertisement and therefore believe it is truthful, stainless and unbiased which can lead to unhealthy eating habits as evidenced by todays youth obesity epidemic (Mayer 2004). Advertisers spend over 12 billion dollar a year on commercials intended for children. Research shows that a child watches about forty thousand television commercials a year. Roberts and Pettigrew exposed that 28.5 hours of childrens television programming sampled contained 950 advertisements (sec.12). Advertising industry officials believe that parents should be able to explain the advertisements truthfulness to their kids because most of the ads are on junk food, sodas, and candies. Advertisers rely on the parents to be cautious and say no to their young children. They do not see the psychological difficulties parents face to constantly be responding negatively to their childs requests, said Dale L. Kunkel. However, some countries have more harsh rules against children advertisement which I quote from this report Sweden and Norway do not permit any television advertising to be directed towards children under 12 and no adverts at all are allowed during childrens programmes. Australia does not allow advertisements during programmes for pre-school children. Austria does not permit advertising during childrens programmes, and in the Flemish region of Belgium no advertising is permitted 5 minutes before or after programmes for children. Sponsorship of childrens programmes is not permitted in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden while in Germany and the Netherlands, although it is allowed, it is not used in practice. (McSpotlight).In Daniele Pradas article Advertising Manipulation or Information, advertisement is considered information. Some commercials actually provide you with scientific facts and much more. Have you ever seen the commercial about smoking? Our society is attempt to enlighten everyone about the effects smoking will have on you because we know it is a bad tendency that can cause cancer and finally lead to death. In that case, advertisement is used in order to convert slew to stop smoking before it is too late. The advertisers usually present the facts, and slash in a quote that will make the consumer ponder. One very famous reflective phrase is, Children of parents who smoke, get to heaven earlier (Anti-smoking).We all have seen above the influence commercials which usually target adolescent and young adults. This advertising campaign conducted by the Office of National Drug Control Policy provides commercial in order to prevent the use of drugs and to encourage parents to discuss it with their children. Each of these commercial shows what it means to be above the influence in its own unparalleled way. The Above the Influence campaign appears to be successful because it taps into the desire by teenagers to be independent and self-sufficient, Slater said. A recent study through with(p) by the Ohio State University, shows that Above the Influence campaign seems to have successfully reduced the use of marijuana by adolescents.On the other hand, some heap feel that advertisement is pure manipulation and that it plays with our feelings. To captivate our attention advertisers use famous artists, sports, music and fancy images. They use crucial values to influence people of purchasing something or doing something. In his article, Alan Harris believes that this manipulation is viewed as a type of foregrounding. His definition of foregrounding was a linguistic process in which some elements, such(prenominal) as words, phrases, sentences, stressings, intonations, or the like are given prominence or made more meaningfully significant by the communicator/language-user, in this case the creator(s) of a print advertisement. In other words, a lot of elements are used in order to convince the consumer to buy a product or service. Millions of people are being manipulated each dayMost of the beautiful aspects promised in ads are most of the time not tru e. For example, can buying a particular type of detergent really make the clothes brand new? I think not But advertisers would do everything in their power to convince you that their detergent is the best and would restore your clothes to brand new. The advertisers around the world are able change the way people live and change their spending tendency. This is the main reason why advertisers spend an incredible amount of money on advertisements. According to the General information article, it is estimated that the price of a product whitethorn go up for up to 40% due to advertisement costs. Advertisement encourages the individual to be one step ahead of everybody else that is why they will arrange you that their products is better than the others. Another way to captures the consumers attention is sexual arousal because they know that sexual need is one of the most powerful desire in a human. In her article, Mwende says, Government should establish institutions that will scrutini ze and ensure that the commercials and advertisements do not merely cheat people callously. It should make sure that people are not manipulated, cheated, lied to or exploited by unscrupulous traders.As I wrap up my research, I notice that advertisement can be both positive and negative. I now understand how it can both be viewed as information or manipulation to certain people. However, my question quiet down cannot be answered because I believe that I would have to do more research on the psychological part and how advertisement affects the mind. I want to know how an advertisement is processed through a ones brain. In order to be able to answer my question, I want to explore this issue further.

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness It attends like everywhere there is something in life that seems to be left behind. In the books I read somewhat mystery or suspense, this always seems to be the case in such. The Heart of Darkness draws me into such depths of suspense and unknown that seem to associate with my life. This whole book is full of mysteries. Marlow has a heart that is full of mystery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a man named Kurtz. Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the place is at, what could be coming ahead. Maybe he was just acquiring some ideas of what was ahead, or who he would be working with. Why is all this vacuity happening around him? Marlow is enthralled with mystery. You wouldnt think that somebody would be simply crazy to go and take a trip down the Congo river. He has heard some aspects about the place, and the way it seems to suck the visitors in. All the people getting diseases. One would go insane the re, so why? Why would he want to go do this? Again, its full of mystery, and that makes an interesting book. Kurtz, with this person, I can non express how much mystery applies to him and his personality. People havent heard from him for quite a long time, because he is up the river from the station where Marlow is at. People are wanting the boss, and theyre getting restless. Is Kurtz, sick? Could one of these people get a new advancement in their job? The people dont want Marlow to go explore up the river a ways and kind Kurtz, suppling him with help that he might need. And yet, Marlow needs Kurtz. Yet, there is the mystery of the Congo river. It has a way with the people that come into it and try to explore its orgins. It seems to drag you in, and not let you go. All of this, because they were curious and brave. But not all brave men will make it through this jungle that the Congo river lays on.

The Facts About Educational and Roth IRA’s Essay -- essays papers

The Facts About Educational and Roth cholersIn 1997 considerable things came into play for the valuatepayers. The Tax Reform Act of 1997, which was inacted by the IRS, allowed single taxpayers and married taxpayers a considerable amount of tax relief for the Educational and Roth IRAs. individual(a) Retirement Accounts, also known as IRAs, are accounts opened in an individuals name only and provide tax-deferred savings for retirement. The contributions whitethorn be fully deductible, partially deductible, or nondeductible. All IRAs have the same basic characteristics that enable customers to save money while gaining benefits that whitethorn include tax-deferred savings and tax deductions. An IRA is a product in which customers place additional products into, such as CDs, stocks, bonds and mutual funds. These products are hardened into IRAs to meet customers retirement, education, or other future needs. The customers are able to select these products based on their tolerance t o risk and their individual investing goals. The IRA will hold these products and provide the potential tax shelter and savings incentives. In order to explain the great qualities of the Roth IRA and the Educational IRA, you moldiness know just a few things about the Traditional IRA. The Traditional IRA is the original product offered to help individuals set aside funds for retirement. To be eligible to contribute to the Traditional IRA the customer must be 70 1/2 or younger, and have an earned income. With the Traditional IRA any withdrawals are subject to income tax in the year in which they are being withdrawn. In addition on that point are some penalties which may apply if the individual is under the age of 59 1/2 when the funds are withdrawn. There are only seven ways the customers may withdrawal from their Traditional IRA before age 59 1/2 with out being penalized a 10% premature-distribution penalty. These seven ways would be death, disability, medical expenses over 7.5% of AGI, health insurance premiums for certain unemployed individuals, first time home buyer (up to $10,000), higher education expenses, and substantially equal day-to-day payments. With the Traditional IRA the maximum contribution allowed is the lesser of earned income or $2,000. This contribution is not tax-deductible (smartmoney, the ira super page, 2000). With a Traditional IRA there are required minimum distributions which must ... ... twain options which they can choose from. The first option is to withdrawal the remaining amount, but it will be subject to income tax and an additional 10 percent tax that represents earnings. The second option is to have the remaining amount rolled over into another IRA. In addition to the two options just discussed the Education IRA can be designated to another beneficiary instead of rolling it over. BibliographySmartMoney.com (2000). Roth IRAs You wanted to know Internet. Available http//www.smartmoney.com/ac/ira/index.cmf? reput ation=know 2000, January 28.SmartMoney.com (2000). Roth IRAs To convert or not Internet. Availablehttp//www.smartmoney.com/ac/ira/index.cmf?story=convert 2000, January 28.SmartMoney.com (2000). The IRA Super Page Internet. Availablehttp//www.smartmoney.com/ac/ira/indexcmf?story=supertable 2000, January 28.TrowePrice.com (2000). Education IRAs Internet. Availablehttp//www.troweprice.com/college/cpklib2.html 2000, February 8.Dow Jones Industrial Webcenter (2000). Whats Hot Internet. Availablehttp//www.irs.ustreas.gov/plain/hot/not97-603.html 2000, February 7